Brighton, St Nicholas of Myra
1922 - Present
Bell |
Weight |
Diameter |
Nominal |
Note |
Founder |
Cast |
Canon |
Hanging |
1 (556) |
3-2-14 cwt |
24.50" |
1636.5 Hz |
G# |
1922 |
Full Circle |
||
2 (557) |
4-0-2 cwt |
25.50" |
1478 Hz |
F# |
1922 |
Full Circle |
||
3 (538) |
4-1-10 cwt |
27.00" |
1309.5 Hz |
E |
1922 |
Full Circle |
||
4 (539) |
4-2-19 cwt |
28.00" |
1228 Hz |
D# |
1922 |
Full Circle |
||
5 (540) |
5-0-21 cwt |
30.00" |
1098.5 Hz |
C# |
1922 |
Full Circle |
||
6 (541) |
7-0-0 cwt |
33.00" |
978.5 Hz |
B |
1922 |
Full Circle |
||
7 (542) |
8-1-7 cwt |
36.00" |
871 Hz |
A |
1922 |
Full Circle |
||
8 (543) |
9-3-14 cwt |
38.00" |
817 Hz |
G# |
1922 |
Full Circle |
||
9 (544) |
13-1-0 cwt |
42.00" |
737 Hz |
F# |
1922 |
Full Circle |
||
10 (545) |
18-1-7 cwt |
47.00" |
654 Hz |
E |
1922 |
Full Circle |
Bell |
Weight |
Diameter |
Nominal |
Note |
Founder |
Date |
Canon |
Hanging |
Sanctus |
20.13" |
John Clarke |
1607 |
Swing Chime |
1891 - 1922
Bell |
Diameter |
Nominal |
Note |
Founder |
Date |
Canon |
Hanging |
1 |
24.75" |
1732 Hz |
A |
1891 |
Full Circle |
||
2 |
26.81" |
1548 Hz |
G |
1891 |
Full Circle |
||
3 |
28.63" |
1380 Hz |
F |
Thomas II Mears |
1815 |
Full Circle |
|
4 |
29.56" |
1326 Hz |
E |
Thomas Rudhall |
1777 |
Full Circle |
|
5 |
31.00" |
1164 Hz |
D |
Thomas Rudhall |
1777 |
Full Circle |
|
6 |
33.75" |
1052 Hz |
C |
Thomas Rudhall |
1777 |
Full Circle |
|
7 |
36.25" |
916 Hz |
Bb |
Thomas Rudhall |
1777 |
Full Circle |
|
8 |
37.00" |
863 Hz |
A |
Thomas Rudhall |
1777 |
Full Circle |
|
9 |
40.50" |
776 Hz |
G |
Thomas II Mears |
1812 |
Full Circle |
|
10 |
45.38" |
689 Hz |
F |
Thomas Rudhall |
1777 |
Full Circle |
About the Bells
10 Bells, 18-0-20 In E
St Nicholas has a peal of 10 bells, hung in a west facing tower. It was built in the 14th century, though the top half was rebuilt around the 19th century, after it was found cracked during a restoration. In 1853, R. C. Carpenter refaced the walls in dark flint and added buttresses to the tower.
Norman stonework was also found on the inside face of many of the embattlement cornerstones. 100
In 1545, a map shows a crude drawing of the church, showing it had a large tower, similar to the one today. You will also notice the older name Brighthelmstone was used.
St Nicholas has a peal of 10 bells, hung in a west facing tower. It was built in the 14th century, though the top half was rebuilt around the 19th century, after it was found cracked during a restoration. In 1853, R. C. Carpenter refaced the walls in dark flint and added buttresses to the tower.
Norman stonework was also found on the inside face of many of the embattlement cornerstones. 100
In 1545, a map shows a crude drawing of the church, showing it had a large tower, similar to the one today. You will also notice the older name Brighthelmstone was used.
We have no reference to bells earlier than 1724. The Chichester Diocesan Survey gives:
"The Steeple and 5 bells the same [good repair]" 101
According to George Elphick, a church pamphlet he saw stated that the tenor tenor was recast in 1736. Sadly, we have no record as to who the contractor was, but assuming it was Whitechapel, it would have been recast by Richard Phelps & Thomas Lester.
In 1777, the bells were recast into a peal of 8, showing that Brighton had a very competent band of ringers. Not only did their band ring in Brighton, but they also branching out to other towers across the county.
The whole peal was recast by Thomas Rudhall of Gloucester, being the only examples of his work in Sussex.
Out of the 8, only 6 of these inscriptions survived: 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and Tenor.
His inscriptions span from just the date (6th); the date and a quote; up to the date and founders name (4th & 5th). Rudhall also used Fig. TRU,1 on bells 4 and 5, which is an ornate strip. 102
Thomas II Mears recast the 7th in 1812, after it became cracked. The churchwardens at the time were Cornelius Pain and Thomas Newington. He also recast the treble in 1815.
As the Brighton band were progressing, they wanted to augment to 10. Therefore, 2 trebles were suppled by Thomas II Mears in 1818. These were inscribed:
1. JN. STREETER R. BODLE JN. AVANN T. MEARS OF LONDON FECIT 1818
2. C. PAIN ED. BLACKER & RT. AKERSON CH. WARDENS. T. MEARS OF LONDON FECIT 1818
The ringers weren't satisfied with them, for they were removed and transferred to the new church of St Peters in 1826 103
Two 10 bell peals were rung on the original 10:
However, in 1882, these bells returned, due to St Peters augmentation to 8.
They were recast in 1891 by Mears & Stainbank after George & Elizabeth Shelley gave a legacy.
Both bells were inscribed the same:
"The Steeple and 5 bells the same [good repair]" 101
According to George Elphick, a church pamphlet he saw stated that the tenor tenor was recast in 1736. Sadly, we have no record as to who the contractor was, but assuming it was Whitechapel, it would have been recast by Richard Phelps & Thomas Lester.
In 1777, the bells were recast into a peal of 8, showing that Brighton had a very competent band of ringers. Not only did their band ring in Brighton, but they also branching out to other towers across the county.
The whole peal was recast by Thomas Rudhall of Gloucester, being the only examples of his work in Sussex.
Out of the 8, only 6 of these inscriptions survived: 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, and Tenor.
His inscriptions span from just the date (6th); the date and a quote; up to the date and founders name (4th & 5th). Rudhall also used Fig. TRU,1 on bells 4 and 5, which is an ornate strip. 102
Thomas II Mears recast the 7th in 1812, after it became cracked. The churchwardens at the time were Cornelius Pain and Thomas Newington. He also recast the treble in 1815.
As the Brighton band were progressing, they wanted to augment to 10. Therefore, 2 trebles were suppled by Thomas II Mears in 1818. These were inscribed:
1. JN. STREETER R. BODLE JN. AVANN T. MEARS OF LONDON FECIT 1818
2. C. PAIN ED. BLACKER & RT. AKERSON CH. WARDENS. T. MEARS OF LONDON FECIT 1818
The ringers weren't satisfied with them, for they were removed and transferred to the new church of St Peters in 1826 103
Two 10 bell peals were rung on the original 10:
- Oct 11, 1819.
- Nov 27, 1823.
However, in 1882, these bells returned, due to St Peters augmentation to 8.
They were recast in 1891 by Mears & Stainbank after George & Elizabeth Shelley gave a legacy.
Both bells were inscribed the same:
MEARS & STAINBANK, WHITECHAPEL, FOUNDRY, LONDON, 1891
A.M.D.G GEORGE AND ELIZABETH SHELLY GAVE ME A.D 1888
A.M.D.G GEORGE AND ELIZABETH SHELLY GAVE ME A.D 1888
The first peal on the new ten was rung on May 7th, 1892 (Stedman Caters).
Fortunately, Gillett & Johnston have the Old tuning figures of these bells, enabling us to create a rough idea of what they sounded like. Using the sounds of other bells, I have changed their partials to those of the old 10.
Below is an audio recording of what they sounded like.
Fortunately, Gillett & Johnston have the Old tuning figures of these bells, enabling us to create a rough idea of what they sounded like. Using the sounds of other bells, I have changed their partials to those of the old 10.
Below is an audio recording of what they sounded like.
| brightonoldpeal.wav |
These bells remained in the tower until 1922, when Gillett & Johnston of Croydon recast the old peal of ten into a brand new one. What better band to give such a beautiful sounding peal to?
They are Simpson tuned to the key of E, all cast without canons.
The 9th has the sharpest tierce, being nearly half a semitone sharp.
One thing I've never seen on a Gillett bell before is the technique used to inscribe the foundry name. It's identical on all the bells, implying a new stamp was carved. See below:
If the old inscription wasn't repeated, it was stamped on the inscription band, but on the waist if it was.
The bells were installed on 2 levels. The 2nd & 4th hung above in a Z.2 frame, swinging the same way. The rope for the 2nd goes through the pit of 3, and the rope for the 4th goes through the treble's. They are arranged in the 2.X1 layout.
The rest of the bells are hung below in the 8.3 layout with cast-iron H frames.
In 1989, it was noted that the clappers required some attention.
9 years later, the Sussex Bell Restoration Fund gave a grant of £750, for the tenor to be given new ball bearings and gudgeons.
The Sanctus bell was cast by John Clarke, and came from Rumboldswyke church in 1918.
It is hung under a shelter at the east end, and was clocked by a clapper inside. It bears a small inscription around the inscription band.
The bells are rung from the ground floor using red, white, and green sallied ropes. To access the belfry, a wooden ladder in the SE corner takes you up to the intermediate chamber, where some bells are drawn. A smaller ladder takes you up into the belfry through a hatch between bells 5 & 6.
Visited:
.24/02/2023 also with Dylan J Thomas and Rob Lane.
The bells were installed on 2 levels. The 2nd & 4th hung above in a Z.2 frame, swinging the same way. The rope for the 2nd goes through the pit of 3, and the rope for the 4th goes through the treble's. They are arranged in the 2.X1 layout.
The rest of the bells are hung below in the 8.3 layout with cast-iron H frames.
In 1989, it was noted that the clappers required some attention.
9 years later, the Sussex Bell Restoration Fund gave a grant of £750, for the tenor to be given new ball bearings and gudgeons.
The Sanctus bell was cast by John Clarke, and came from Rumboldswyke church in 1918.
It is hung under a shelter at the east end, and was clocked by a clapper inside. It bears a small inscription around the inscription band.
The bells are rung from the ground floor using red, white, and green sallied ropes. To access the belfry, a wooden ladder in the SE corner takes you up to the intermediate chamber, where some bells are drawn. A smaller ladder takes you up into the belfry through a hatch between bells 5 & 6.
Visited:
.24/02/2023 also with Dylan J Thomas and Rob Lane.
Recordings of the bells:
How the bells are tuned in relation to their nominal, using Simpson's theory.
Key [measured in cents]:
-99 ~ -90 -89 ~ -80 -79 ~ -70 -69 ~ -60 -59 ~ -50 -49 ~ -40 -39 ~ -30 -29 ~ -20 -19 ~ -10 -9 ~ -0
0 ~ 9 10 ~ 19 20 ~ 29 30 ~ 39 40 ~ 49 50 ~ 59 60 ~ 69 70 ~ 79 80 ~ 89 90 ~ 99+
-99 ~ -90 -89 ~ -80 -79 ~ -70 -69 ~ -60 -59 ~ -50 -49 ~ -40 -39 ~ -30 -29 ~ -20 -19 ~ -10 -9 ~ -0
0 ~ 9 10 ~ 19 20 ~ 29 30 ~ 39 40 ~ 49 50 ~ 59 60 ~ 69 70 ~ 79 80 ~ 89 90 ~ 99+
Current Peal of 10
Bell 1
Hum - 408.5Hz - Ab-28
Prime - 816.5Hz - Ab-29
Tierce - 972.5Hz - B-26 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 1211.5Hz - Eb-46
Nominal - 1636.5Hz - Ab-25
Prime - 816.5Hz - Ab-29
Tierce - 972.5Hz - B-26 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 1211.5Hz - Eb-46
Nominal - 1636.5Hz - Ab-25
| brightonstnicholas_1.mp3 |
Bell 2
Hum - 369Hz - F# -1
Prime - 736.5Hz - F# -7
Tierce - 882Hz - A+4(minor 3rd)
Quint - 1109Hz - Db+0
Nominal - 1478Hz - F# -1
Prime - 736.5Hz - F# -7
Tierce - 882Hz - A+4(minor 3rd)
Quint - 1109Hz - Db+0
Nominal - 1478Hz - F# -1
| brightonstnicholas_2.mp3 |
Bell 3
Hum - 327Hz - E-13
Prime - 653Hz - E-16
Tierce - 785.5Hz - G+3 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 970Hz - B-30
Nominal - 1309.5Hz - E-11
Prime - 653Hz - E-16
Tierce - 785.5Hz - G+3 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 970Hz - B-30
Nominal - 1309.5Hz - E-11
| brightonstnicholas_3.mp3 |
Bell 4
Hum - 307Hz - Eb-22
Prime - 612Hz - Eb-28
Tierce - 736.5Hz - F# -7 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 912.5Hz - Bb-36
Nominal - 1228Hz - Eb-22
Prime - 612Hz - Eb-28
Tierce - 736.5Hz - F# -7 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 912.5Hz - Bb-36
Nominal - 1228Hz - Eb-22
| brightonstnicholas_4.mp3 |
Bell 5
Hum - 272.5Hz - Db-28
Prime - 542.5Hz - Db-35
Tierce - 656Hz - E-8 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 813.5Hz - Ab-35
Nominal - 1098.5Hz - Db-30
Prime - 542.5Hz - Db-35
Tierce - 656Hz - E-8 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 813.5Hz - Ab-35
Nominal - 1098.5Hz - Db-30
| brightonstnicholas_5.mp3 |
Bell 6
Hum - 245Hz - B-13
Prime - 491Hz - B-9
Tierce - 589.5Hz - D+6 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 732Hz - F# -18
Nominal - 978.5Hz - B-15
Prime - 491Hz - B-9
Tierce - 589.5Hz - D+6 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 732Hz - F# -18
Nominal - 978.5Hz - B-15
| brightonstnicholas_6.mp3 |
Bell 7
Hum - 218.5Hz - A-15
Prime - 436Hz - A-15
Tierce - 527Hz - C+14 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 653.5Hz - E-14
Nominal - 871Hz - A-17
Prime - 436Hz - A-15
Tierce - 527Hz - C+14 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 653.5Hz - E-14
Nominal - 871Hz - A-17
| brightonstnicholas_7.mp3 |
Bell 8
Hum - 204.5Hz - Ab-30
Prime - 408.5Hz - Ab-28
Tierce - 494.5Hz - B+2 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 610.5Hz - Eb-32
Nominal - 817Hz - Ab-31
Prime - 408.5Hz - Ab-28
Tierce - 494.5Hz - B+2 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 610.5Hz - Eb-32
Nominal - 817Hz - Ab-31
| brightonstnicholas_8.wav |
Bell 9
Hum - 184.5Hz - F# -4
Prime - 369Hz - F# -4
Tierce - 449Hz - A+37 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 554.5Hz - Db+0
Nominal - 737Hz - F# -6
Prime - 369Hz - F# -4
Tierce - 449Hz - A+37 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 554.5Hz - Db+0
Nominal - 737Hz - F# -6
| brightonstnicholas_9.mp3 |
Bell 10
Hum - 163.5Hz - E-13
Prime - 327Hz - E-13
Tierce - 395Hz - G+13 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 490.5Hz - B-11
Nominal - 654Hz - E-13
Prime - 327Hz - E-13
Tierce - 395Hz - G+13 (minor 3rd)
Quint - 490.5Hz - B-11
Nominal - 654Hz - E-13
| brightonstnicholas_0.mp3 |
Sanctus Bell
Currently no recording.
Former Peal of 10
Bell 1
Hum - 468Hz
Prime - 856Hz
Tierce - 1032Hz
Quint - 1286Hz
Nominal - 1732
Prime - 856Hz
Tierce - 1032Hz
Quint - 1286Hz
Nominal - 1732
| brightonoldtreble.mp3 |
Bell 2
Hum - 397Hz
Prime - 766Hz
Tierce - 930Hz
Quint - 1160Hz
Nominal - 1548Hz
Prime - 766Hz
Tierce - 930Hz
Quint - 1160Hz
Nominal - 1548Hz
| brightonoldsecond.mp3 |
Bell 3
Hum - 386Hz
Prime - 576Hz
Tierce - 328Hz
Quint - 1022
Nominal - 1380Hz
Prime - 576Hz
Tierce - 328Hz
Quint - 1022
Nominal - 1380Hz
| brightonoldthird.wav |
Bell 4
Hum - 365Hz
Prime - 634Hz
Tierce - 804Hz
Quint - 1116Hz
Nominal - 1326Hz
Prime - 634Hz
Tierce - 804Hz
Quint - 1116Hz
Nominal - 1326Hz
| brightonoldforth.mp3 |
Bell 5
Hum - 320Hz
Prime - 548Hz
Tierce - 708Hz
Quint - 888Hz
Nominal - 1164Hz
Prime - 548Hz
Tierce - 708Hz
Quint - 888Hz
Nominal - 1164Hz
| brightonoldfifth.mp3 |
Bell 6
Hum - 258Hz
Prime - 517Hz
Tierce - 628Hz
Quint - 760Hz
Nominal - 1052Hz
Prime - 517Hz
Tierce - 628Hz
Quint - 760Hz
Nominal - 1052Hz
| brightonoldsixth.mp3 |
Bell 7
Hum - 251Hz
Prime - 456Hz
Tierce - 556Hz
Quint - 668Hz
Nominal - 916Hz
Prime - 456Hz
Tierce - 556Hz
Quint - 668Hz
Nominal - 916Hz
| brightonoldseventh.wav |
Bell 8
Hum - 225Hz
Prime - 430Hz
Tierce - 520Hz
Quint - 650Hz
Nominal - 863Hz
Prime - 430Hz
Tierce - 520Hz
Quint - 650Hz
Nominal - 863Hz
| brightonoldeight.wav |
Bell 9
Hum - 216Hz
Prime - 382Hz
Tierce - 473Hz
Quint - 628Hz
Nominal - 776Hz
Prime - 382Hz
Tierce - 473Hz
Quint - 628Hz
Nominal - 776Hz
| brightonoldninith.wav |
Bell 10
Inscriptions:
*Underlined text is inscriptions within the inscription band*
*Text in blue is on the opposite side of the bell*
*Text in blue is on the opposite side of the bell*
1922 - Present
1 |
𝓖𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓽𝓽 & 𝓙𝓸𝓱𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓸𝓷 𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔂𝓭𝓸𝓷 1922 Ⓖ ########################## GLORIA IN EXCELSIS DEO 1 |
2 |
𝓖𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓽𝓽 & 𝓙𝓸𝓱𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓸𝓷 𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔂𝓭𝓸𝓷 1922 Ⓖ ########################## GABRIEL AVE MARIA 2 |
3 |
𝓖𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓽𝓽 & 𝓙𝓸𝓱𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓸𝓷 𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔂𝓭𝓸𝓷 1922 Ⓖ ########################## MARY MAGNIFICAT 3 |
4 |
◚◚◚FEAR GOD, HONOUR THE KING ◚◚◚ 1777 Ⓖ ########################## 𝓖𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓽𝓽 & 𝓙𝓸𝓱𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓸𝓷 𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔂𝓭𝓸𝓷 1922 ST . JOHN IN PRINCIPIS 4 |
5 |
◚◚◚ PEACE AND GOOD NEIGHBOURHOOD ◚◚◚ 1777 Ⓖ ########################## 𝓖𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓽𝓽 & 𝓙𝓸𝓱𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓸𝓷 𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔂𝓭𝓸𝓷 1922 ST . PETER TU ES CHRISTUS 5 |
6 |
𝓖𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓽𝓽 & 𝓙𝓸𝓱𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓸𝓷 𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔂𝓭𝓸𝓷 1922 Ⓖ ########################## ST . PAUL GRATIAS DEO 6 |
7 |
𝓖𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓽𝓽 & 𝓙𝓸𝓱𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓸𝓷 𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔂𝓭𝓸𝓷 1922 Ⓖ ########################## ST . GEORGE PRAY FOR ENGLAND 7 |
8 |
𝓖𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓽𝓽 & 𝓙𝓸𝓱𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓸𝓷 𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔂𝓭𝓸𝓷 1922 Ⓖ ########################## ST . WILFRED PRAY FOR SUSSEX 8 |
9 |
𝓖𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓽𝓽 & 𝓙𝓸𝓱𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓸𝓷 𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔂𝓭𝓸𝓷 1922 Ⓖ ########################## ST . RICHARD PRAY FOR THE DIOCESE 9 |
10 |
±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±±± I TO THE CHURCH THE LIVING CALL AND TO THE GRAVE DO SUMMON ALL 1777. ########################## Ⓖ 𝓖𝓲𝓵𝓵𝓮𝓽𝓽 & 𝓙𝓸𝓱𝓷𝓼𝓽𝓸𝓷 𝓒𝓻𝓸𝔂𝓭𝓸𝓷 1922 ST. NICHOLAS PRAY FOR OUR CHILDREN PRAY FOR OUR SAILORS PRAY FOR OUR TOWN 10 ⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜⚜ ₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼₼ |
Sanctus |
JOHN CLARKE MADE THIS BELL : R : M : 1607 |
1891 - 1922
1 |
MEARS & STAINBANK, WHITECHAPEL FOUNDRY LONDON 1891 A.M.D.G GEORGE AND ELIZABETH SHELLY GAVE ME A.D 1888 |
2 |
MEARS & STAINBANK, WHITECHAPEL FOUNDRY LONDON 1891 A.M.D.G GEORGE AND ELIZABETH SHELLY GAVE ME A.D 1888 |
3 |
T MEARS OF LONDON FECIT 1815 |
4 |
FEAR GOD HONOUR THE KING 1777 |
5 |
PEACE AND GOOD NEIGHBOURHOOD 1777 |
6 |
THOs. RUDHALL GLOUCESTER FOUNDER 1777 ◚◚◚ |
7 |
THOs. RUDHALL GLOUCESTER FOUNDER 1777 ◚◚◚ |
8 |
1777 |
9 |
RECAST 1812 CORNELIUS PAIN, THOMAS NEWINGTON EDWARD THUNDER CHURCHWARDENS T MEARS OF LONDON FECIT |
10 |
I TO THE CHURCH THE LIVING CALL AND TO THE GRAVE DO SUMMON ALL 177 |
Latin Translations:
Old 3 & 9: FECIT - Made
⚜ = Fig. ACJ,2
# = Fig. CFJ,1
± = Fig. CFJ,2
₼ = Fig. CFJ,3
Ⓖ = Fig. CFJ,4
◚ = Fig. TRU,1
Old 3 & 9: FECIT - Made
⚜ = Fig. ACJ,2
# = Fig. CFJ,1
± = Fig. CFJ,2
₼ = Fig. CFJ,3
Ⓖ = Fig. CFJ,4
◚ = Fig. TRU,1
Photographs:
*Click on the images to enlarge them*
Additions & Amendments |
|
Sources:
100 - Sussex Archaeological Collections Vol* 32 p.33-74
101 - Chichester Diocesan Surveys of 1686 & 1724 by Wyn K. Ford
102 - Sussex Bells & Belfries by George P. Elphick
103 - The Church Bells of Sussex by Amhurst D. Tyssen
100 - Sussex Archaeological Collections Vol* 32 p.33-74
101 - Chichester Diocesan Surveys of 1686 & 1724 by Wyn K. Ford
102 - Sussex Bells & Belfries by George P. Elphick
103 - The Church Bells of Sussex by Amhurst D. Tyssen
